Metallographic Inspection Helps Machinery Industry

Metallographic inspection is to observe the internal structure of metal machinery parts through various metallographic means, and conduct qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative inspections on grain size, shape, type, microstructure, relative quantity and distribution.

Metallographic inspection is one of the conventional inspection methods for steel quality. After steel has a certain composition, many properties of mechanical parts will be determined by structure, organization, macroscopic and microscopic defects.

In order to ensure the scientificity, objectivity and authority of the inspection, the standardization, normalization and internationalization of metallographic inspection methods are crucial.

At present, the standardization work in the field of metallography in China is under the responsibility of the Metallographic Inspection Sub-Technical Committee of the National Steel Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC183/SC14), and the standards include low-magnification organization inspection and high-magnification organization inspection. As of the end of 2018, there were 43 standards in the field of metallographic inspection, including 25 national standards and 18 industry standards, and a relatively complete standard system of metallographic inspection methods has been established.

Metallographic inspection has developed from traditional manual methods to automated methods.

The metallographic inspection standards have also extended from traditional high- and low-magnification qualitative inspections to scanning electron microscope energy spectrum analysis (EDX), electron backscatter diffraction analysis (EBSD), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscope analysis (TEM) and other microbeam inspection methods, and from qualitative methods to semi-quantitative and quantitative methods.

A series of new standards for metallographic inspection methods have been formulated. For example, for the inspection of average grain size of steel, in addition to the commonly used standard rating atlas method (GB/T 6394-2017), a new standard GB/T 36165-2018 "Determination of average grain size of metals - Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method" has been formulated;

the newly revised GB/T 224-2019 "Determination of the depth of decarburization layer of steel" has added glow optical spectrum analysis (GDOES) and electron probe analysis (EPMA) methods.

The development of new metallographic inspection methods has improved the automation level and quantitative analysis level of metallographic inspection methods, meeting the current requirements for faster and more accurate inspection of mechanical parts product quality.

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